
Gangguan atau penyakit Auto imun adalah kegagalan suatu organisme untuk mengenali bagian dari dirinya sendiri sebagai bagian dari dirinya, yang membuat respon kekebalan melawan sel dan jaringan miliknya sendiri. Beberapa penyakit yang dihasilkan dari kelainan respon kekebalan ini dinamakan penyakit autoimun. Contohnya meliputi penyakit Coeliac, diabetes melitus tipe 1, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Scleroderma dan rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Kesalahan yang menyebabkan sistem kekebalan melawan suatu individu yang seharusnya dilindunginya bukanlah hal yang baru. Paul Ehrlich pada awal abad ke 20 mengajukan konsep horror autotoxicus, di mana jaringan suatu organisme dimakan oleh sistem kekebalannya sendiri. Semua respon autoimun dulunya dipercaya sebagai hal yang abnormal dan dikaitkan dengan suatu kelainan. Namun saat ini diketahui bahwa respon autoimun adalah bagian terpisah dari sistem kekebalan vertebrata, umumnya untuk mencegah terjadinya penyakit yang disebabkan oleh toleransi imunologikal terhadap antigen milik sendiri. Autoimunitas berbeda dengan aloimunitas.
Sistem imun tubuh kita telah berkembang sedemikian rupa sehingga mampu mengenal setiap antigen asing dan membedakannya dengan struktur antigen diri (self antigen), tetapi dapat saja timbul gangguan terhadap kemampuan pengenalan tersebut sehingga terjadi respons imun terhadap antigen diri yang dianggap asing. Respons imun yang disebut autoimunitas tersebut dapat berupa respons
Autoimunitas sebetulnya bersifat protektif, yaitu sebagai sarana pembuangan berbagai produk akibat kerusakan sel atau jaringan. Autoantibodi mengikat produk itu diikuti dengan proses eliminasi. Autoantibodi dan respons imun selular terhadap antigen diri tidak selalu menimbulkan penyakit. Penyakit autoimun merupakan kerusakan jaringan atau gangguan fungsi fisologik akibat respons autoimun. Perbedaan ini menjadi penting karena respons autoimun dapat terjadi tanpa penyakit atau pada penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mekanisme lain (seperti infeksi). Oleh karena itu, istilah penyakit autoimun yang berkonotasi patologik ditujukan untuk keadaan yang berhubungan erat dengan pembentukan autoantibodi atau respons imun selular yang terbentuk setelah timbulnya penyakit
SPEKTRUM PENYAKIT AUTOIMUN

Penyakit autoimun mempunyai spektrum yang sangat luas, dari yang bersifat organ spesifik sampai bentuk sistemik atau non-organ spesifik . Pada penyakit autoimun organ spesifik, umumnya mempengaruhi organ tunggal dan respons autoimun ditujukan langsung pada antigen di dalam organ tersebut. Sebagian besar kelainan spesifik organ melibatkan satu atau beberapa kelenjar endokrin. Target antigen dapat berupa molekul yang diekspresikan pada permukaan sel hidup (terutama reseptor hormon) atau molekul intraseluler (terutama enzim intraseluler). Sedangkan penyakit autoimun non-organ spesifik mempengaruhi organ multipel dan biasanya berkaitan dengan respons autoimun terhadap molekul yang tersebar di seluruh tubuh, terutama molekul intraseluler yang berperan dalam transkripsi dan translasi kode genetik (DNA dan unsur inti sel lainnya)
Tingkt Peneriman | |
A | “Accepted” in prior version of this table |
C | A comorbidity common among people with autoimmune disease, but with no evidence of being itself caused by autoimmunity |
E | Disease is an autoimmune response triggered by a specific environmental factor |
F | Disease is only caused by autoimmunity in only a fraction of those who suffer from it |
I | Described as an autoinflammatory disease |
L | Evidence to indicate autoimmunity is extremely limited or circumstantial |
M | Disease appears under Autoimmune Diseases in MeSH |
N | Not listed in prior version of this table |
R | Disease appeared in prior version but has been renamed. In renaming, precedence has been given to scientific names over those based on discoverers. |
S | “Suspected” in the prior version of this table |
T | Disease has a known trigger, such as viral infection, vaccination, or injury |
X | An extremely rare disease, which would suggest limited opportunity to study it and conclusively determine whether it is caused by autoimmunity |
Y | Listed in the prior version of this table with “Accepted/Suspected” left blank |
Nama penyakit | Tingkat Penerimaan
Autoimmunity |
Hypersensitivitas
(I,II,III,IV) |
Autoantibodies/Synonyms/Rare Variants |
Myocarditis | Moderate, F, R, A | Synonyms: Autoimmune myocarditis, Autoimmune cardiomyopathy, Coxsackie myocarditis | |
Postmyocardial infarction syndrome | Limited, R, Y | Autoantibodies: myocardial neo-antigens formed as a result of the MI. Synonyms: Dressler’s syndrome | |
Postpericardiotomy syndrome | Limited, N | ||
Subacute bacterial endocarditis | Limited, Y | III | Autoantibodies: essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Synonyms: SBE |
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane nephriti | Moderate, R, M, A | II | Autoantibodies: Anti-Basement Membrane Collagen Type IV Protein. Synonyms: Goodpastures Syndrome, Glomerulonephritis Type 1 |
Interstitial cystitis | Limited, S | Mast cells. | |
Lupus nephritis | Comorbidity, N | A comorbidity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosis.. | |
Autoimmune hepatitis[ | Moderate, A | cell-mediated | Autoantibodies: ANA and SMA, LKM-1, LKM-2 or LKM-3; antibodies against soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA, anti-LP) no autoantibodies detected (~20%)[citation needed]. Synonyms: Lupoid hepatitis |
Primary biliary cirrhosis | Moderate, A | Autoantibodies: Anti-p62, Anti-sp100, Anti-Mitochondrial(M2)Anti-Ro aka SSA. Note that Sjogren’s is classified in some places (e.g., MeSH) as rheumatoid disease, but there is no published evidence to support that classification. | |
Primary sclerosing cholangitis | Limited, Y | Possible overlap with primary biliary cirrhosis. Autoantibodies: HLA-DR52a. | |
Antisynthetase syndrome | Limited, Y | ||
Alopecia Areata | Moderate, A | Autoantibodies: T-cells. Synonyms: Alopecia areata – Patchy, Totalis, Universalis | |
Autoimmune Angioedema | Limited, F, N | ||
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis | Limited, X, A | ||
Autoimmune urticarial[ | Comorbidity, A | ||
Bullous pemphigoid | Moderate, Y | Autoantibodies: IgG autoantibodies targeting the type XVII collagen component of hemidesmosomes. | |
Cicatricial pemphigoid | Limited, R, X, Y | precipitates C3. Autoantibodies: anti-BP-1, anti BP-2. Synonyms: Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid, Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid | |
Dermatitis herpetiformis | Moderate, C, Y | Autoantibodies: IgA Eosinophilia; anti-epidermal transglutaminase antibodies. | |
Discoid lupus erythematosus | Limited, Y | III | IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita | Moderate, Y | COL7A1. | |
Erythema nodosum | Limited, F, Y | ||
Gestational pemphigoid | Limited, R, Y | Autoantibodies: IgG and C3 misdirected antibodies intended to protect the placenta. | |
Hidradenitis suppurativa[33] | Limited, C, S | ||
Lichen planus | Limited, Y | ||
Lichen sclerosus | Limited, C, Y | ||
Linear IgA disease[34] | Moderate, Y | Synonyms: LAD | |
Morphea[35] | Limited, C, S | ||
Pemphigus vulgaris[15][31] | Moderate, M, A | II | Autoantibodies: Anti-Desmoglein 3 eosinophilia. |
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta | Limited, C | ||
Mucha-Habermann disease | Limited, C, Y | T-cells. Synonyms: Pityriasis lichenoides, varioliformis acuta | |
Psoriasis[36] | Moderate, A | IV? | CD-8 T-cells, HLA-Cw6, IL-12b, IL-23b, TNFalpha, NF-κB. |
Systemic scleroderma[35][37] | Limited, R, S | COL1A2 and TGF-β1. Autoantibodies: anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-centromere and anti-scl70/anti-topoisomerase antibodies. Synonyms: Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, Systemic sclerosis, Scleroderma | |
Vitiligo[38][39] | Limited, C, S | NALP-1 RERE, PTPN22, LPP, IL2RA, GZMB, UBASH3A and C1QTNF6. | |
Addison’s disease[15] | Moderate, F, Y | Autoantibodies: 21 hydroxylase. | |
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome | Moderate, A | Unknown or multiple | Synonyms: Whitaker’s Syndrome, APECED, Addisons Disease, Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome 1, PGAS-1, APS Type 1 |
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2[40] | Moderate, A | DQ2, DQ8 and DRB1*0404. Autoantibodies: anti-21 hydroxylase, anti-17 hydroxylase. Synonyms: Schmidt syndrome, Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome 2, PGAS-2, APS Type 2 | |
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3 | Moderate, A | Synonyms: Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome 3, PGAS-3, APS Type 3 | |
Autoimmune pancreatitis | Moderate, A | Autoantibodies: ANA; anti-lactoferrin antibodiesanti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies; rheumatoid factor. | |
Diabetes mellitus type 1[15] | Moderate, A | IV | HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4. Autoantibodies: Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), islet cell antibodies (ICA), and insulinoma-associated autoantibodies (IA-2), anti-insulin antibodies. |
Autoimmune thyroiditis | Strong, A | IV | HLADR5, CTLA-4. Autoantibodies: antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin. Synonyms: chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis |
Ord’s thyroiditis | Moderate, Y | ||
Graves’ disease[15] | Moderate, M, A | II | Autoantibodies: thyroid autoantibodies (TSHR-Ab) that activate the TSH-receptor (TSHR). |
Autoimmune Oophoritis | Moderate, N | ||
Endometriosis[41] | Limited, S | ||
Autoimmune orchitis | Limited, N | ||
Sjogren’s syndrome[15][21][22][23] | Moderate, A | Autoantibodies: anti-Ro. Also, they are often present in Sjogren’s syndrome.. | |
Autoimmune enteropathy | Moderate, X, Y | ||
Celiac disease[42][43][44] | Moderate, A,E | IV?? | HLA-DQ8 and DQ2.5. Autoantibodies: Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies anti-endomysial IgA, anti-gliadin IgA. |
Crohn’s disease[45] | Moderate, Y | IV | Innate immunity; Th17; Th1; ATG16L1; CARD15;XBP1;. |
Microscopic colitis | Limited, S | ||
Ulcerative colitis[15] | Limited, A | IV | |
Antiphospholipid syndrome[15] | Moderate, M, A | HLA-DR7, HLA-B8, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3. Autoantibodies: anti-cardiolipin;anti pyruvate dehydrogenase; β2 glycoprotein I; phosphatidylserine; anti apoH; Annexin A5. | |
Aplastic anemia | Limited, F, Y | ||
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | Moderate, M, A | II | complement activation. |
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome | Moderate, A | TNFRSF6; defective Fas-CD95 apoptosis. Synonyms: Canale-Smith Syndrome | |
Autoimmune neutropenia | Moderate, F, N | ||
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura[15] | Moderate, M, R, A | Autoantibodies: anti gpIIb-IIIa or 1b-IX. Synonyms: Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura | |
Cold agglutinin disease | Moderate, M, A | II | idiopathic or secondary to leukemia or infection. Autoantibodies: IgM. Synonyms: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia? |
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia | Limited, C, Y | ||
Evans syndrome | Moderate, Y | Synonyms: A synonym for a combination of hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura | |
IgG4-related systemic disease | Limited, C, N | ||
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria | Limited, F, S | ||
Pernicious anemia[46] | Moderate, A | II | Autoantibodies: anti-parietal cell antibody. |
Pure red cell aplasia | Limited, Y | ||
Thrombocytopenia[47][48] | Limited, F, Y | II | Multiple mechanisms. Autoantibodies: glycoproteins IIb-IIIa or Ib-IX in ITP anti-ADAMTS13 in TTP. and HUS anti-cardiolipin (anti-cardiolipin antibodies) and β2 glycoprotein I in Antiphospholipid syndrome anti-HPA-1a, anti-HPA-5b, and others in NAIT. Synonyms: Neonatal thrombocytopenia |
Adiposis dolorosa[49] | Limited, L, S | Lipoid tissue. Synonyms: Dercum’s disease | |
Adult-onset Still’s disease[50] | Moderate, Y | macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Autoantibodies: ANA. | |
Ankylosing Spondylitis[26][27] | Limited, S | CD8; HLA-B27. | |
CREST syndrome | Limited, Y | Autoantibodies: Anti-centromere antibodies Anti-nuclear antibodies. | |
Drug-induced lupus | Moderate, Y | Autoantibodies: Anti-histone antibodies. | |
Enthesitis-related arthritis | Limited, C, Y | MMP3, TRLR2, TLR4, ERAP1. Autoantibodies: .. Synonyms: A subtype of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis | |
Eosinophilic fasciitis | Limited, F, A | Synonyms: Shulman’s syndrome | |
Felty syndrome | Strong, M, Y | ||
Juvenile Arthritis | Strong, M, R, Y | Autoantibodies: inconsistent ANA Rheumatoid factor. Synonyms: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | |
Lyme disease (Chronic) | Limited, L, T, N | ||
Mixed connective tissue disease | Moderate, M, A | HLA-DR4. Autoantibodies: anti-nuclear antibody anti-U1-RNP. | |
Palindromic rheumatism | Limited, Y | Autoantibodies: anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and antikeratin antibodies (AKA). Synonyms: Hench-Rosenberg syndrome | |
Parry Romberg syndrome | Limited, Y | Autoantibodies: ANA. | |
Parsonage-Turner syndrome | Limited, Y | ||
Psoriatic arthritis | Moderate, C, A | IV? | HLA-B27. |
Reactive arthritis | Limited, C, F, Y | Synonyms: Reiter’s syndrome | |
Relapsing polychondritis[59] | Strong, A | Synonyms: atrophic polychondritis, systemic chondromalacia, chronic atrophic polychondritis, Meyenburg-Altherr-Uehlinger syndrome, generalized chondromalacia, systemic chondromalacia | |
Retroperitoneal fibrosis | Limited, Y | ||
Rheumatic fever | Moderate, T, A | II | Autoantibodies: streptococcal M protein cross reacts with human myosin. |
Rheumatoid arthritis | Strong, M, A | III | HLA-DR4, PTPN22, depleted B cells, TNF alpha, IL-17, (also maybe IL-1, 6, and 15). Autoantibodies: Rheumatoid factor (anti-IgGFc), Anti-MCV, ACPAs(Vimentin). |
Sarcoidosis[62][63][64] | Limited, S | IV | BTNL2; HLA-B7-DR15; HLA DR3-DQ2. |
Schnitzler syndrome | Limited, L, X, Y | IgM?. | |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Strong, M, A | III | Autoantibodies: Anti-nuclear antibodies anti-Ro. Also, they are often present in Sjogren’s syndrome. Eosinophilia. Synonyms: Lupus |
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease | Moderate, C, A | HLA-DR4. Autoantibodies: anti-nuclear antibody. Synonyms: Latent lupus, incomplete lupus | |
Dermatomyositis | Moderate, F, X, A | B- and T-cell perivascular inflammatory infiltrate on muscle biopsy. Autoantibodies: histidine-tRNA anti-signal recognition peptide Anti-Mi-2 Anti-Jo1.. Synonyms: Juvenile dermatomyositis | |
Fibromyalgia | Limited, C, F, N | ||
Inclusion body myositis | Limited, F, Y | Similar to polymyositis but does not respond to steroid therapy-activated T8 cells. | |
Myositis | Limited, F, Y | ||
Myasthenia gravis | Strong, M, A | II | HA-B8 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR1. Autoantibodies: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor MuSK protein. |
Neuromyotonia | Limited, F, S | II? | Autoantibodies: Voltage-gated potassium channels. Synonyms: Isaacs’ Syndrome |
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration | Limited, Y | IV? II? | Autoantibodies: anti-Yo (anti-cdr-2 in purkinje fibers) anti-Hu, anti-Tr, antiglutamate receptor. |
Polymyositis[ | Limited, F, A | Autoantibodies: IFN-gamma, IL-1, TNF-alpha. | |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Strong, M, T, A | Synonyms: ADEM, Perivenous encephalomyelitis, Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, AHL, AHLE, acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (ANHLE), Weston-Hurst syndrome, Hurst’s disease | |
Acute motor axonal neuropathy | Limited, N | ||
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis | Moderate, N | Synonyms: Anti-NMDA Encephalitis | |
Balo concentric sclerosis | Moderate, Y | Synonyms: Balo disease, Schilders disease | |
Bickerstaff’s encephalitis | Limited, Y | similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome. Autoantibodies: Anti-GQ1b 2/3 patients. | |
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy | Moderate, C, Y | similar to Guillain–Barré syndrome. Autoantibodies: anti-ganglioside antibodies. Synonyms: Relapsing polyneuropathy (CRP), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis | |
Guillain–Barré syndrome | Strong, M, A | IV | Autoantibodies: Anti-ganglioside, anti-GQ1b. Synonyms: Miller-Fisher syndrome, Landry’s paralysis |
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy[ | Moderate, C, X, A | IV | Autoantibodies: alpha-enolase. Synonyms: Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, SREAT, Nonvasculitic autoimmune meningoencephalitis, NAIM, Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease, EAATD |
Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases | Limited, F, Y | A set of different variants of multiple sclerosis. | |
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome | Strong, M, Y | HLA-DR3-B8. Autoantibodies: voltage-gated calcium channels; Q-type calcium channel, synaptogagmin, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1. | |
Multiple sclerosis, pattern II | Strong, M, A | IV | Autoantibody against potassium channel has been reported to present demyelination pattern II. Other cases present autoimmunity against MOG[78] and Anoctamin-2.[79] The three reported autoimmune variants belong to MS pattern II. Also involved HLA-DR2, PECAM-1, Anti-myelin basic protein. Autoantibodies: Anti-Kir4.1, Anti-MOG, Anti-ANO2 (heterogeneous). Synonyms: Primary progressive multiple sclerosis, Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, disseminated sclerosis, encephalomyelitis disseminata |
Oshtoran Syndrome | X | Heritable, abnormalities in the kynurenine and glutamate metabolism | |
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus | Limited, F, S | II? | antibodies against streptococcal infection serve as auto-antibodies. Synonyms: PANDAS |
Progressive inflammatory neuropathy | Limited, X, S | similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome. Autoantibodies: Anti-ganglioside antibodies:anti-GM1, anti-GD1a, anti-GQ1b. | |
Restless leg syndrome | Limited, C, S | May occur in Sjogren’s syndrome, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis or in derangements of iron metabolism. | |
Stiff person syndrome | Limited, S | GLRA1 (glycine receptor). Autoantibodies: glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). | |
Sydenham chorea | Limited, T, Y | ||
Transverse myelitis | Limited, M, A | ||
Autoimmune retinopathy | Limited, X, N | ||
Autoimmune uveitis | Moderate, F, A | Autoantibodies: HLAB-27?. | |
Cogan syndrome | Limited, F, Y | ||
Graves ophthalmopathy | Moderate, M, N | ||
Intermediate uveitis | Limited, L, Y | Synonyms: Pars planitis, Peripheral Uveitis | |
Ligneous conjunctivitis | Limited, L, N | ||
Mooren’s ulcer | Limited, L, N | ||
Neuromyelitis optica | Limited, M, Y | II? | Autoantibodies: NMO-IgG aquaporin 4. Synonyms: Devic’s disease |
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome | Limited, X, S | IV? | Lymphocyte recruitment to CSF. |
Optic neuritis | Limited, C, Y | ||
Scleritis | Limited, C, Y | ||
Susac’s syndrome | Limited, C, Y | Synonyms: Retinocochleocerebral Vasculopathy | |
Sympathetic ophthalmia | Limited, I, Y | Autoantibodies: ocular antigens following trauma. | |
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome | Limited, I, X, Y | ||
Autoimmune inner ear disease | Limited, A | Synonyms: AIED | |
Ménière’s disease | Limited, Y | III? | Autoantibodies: major peripheral myelin protein P0. |
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis | Strong, M, A | Autoantibodies: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic(cANCA). Synonyms: Wegener Granulomatosis, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis | |
Behçet’s disease | Limited, I, X, A | immune-mediated systemic vasculitis; linkage to HLA-B51 (HLA-B27); very different manifestations with ulcers as common symptom. Synonyms: Morbus Adamandiades-Behçet. Rare Variant: Hughes-Stovin syndrome | |
Churg-Strauss syndrome | Limited, I, X, Y | Autoantibodies: p-ANCA Eosinophilia. | |
Giant cell arteritis | Limited, I, R, A | IV | Synonyms: Cranial arteritis, Temporal Arteritis |
Henoch-Schonlein purpura | Limited, L, Y | Autoantibodies: immunoglobulin A (IgA) and complement component 3 (C3). Synonyms: anaphylactoid purpura, purpura rheumatica, Schönlein–Henoch purpura | |
Kawasaki’s disease | Moderate, S,E[89] | ITPKC HLA-B51. Synonyms: Kawasaki syndrome, lymph node syndrome, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome | |
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis | Limited, L, Y | ||
Lupus vasculitis | Moderate, C, N | A comorbidity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosis. | |
Rheumatoid vasculitis | Moderate, C, N | A symptom of Lupus. | |
Microscopic polyangiitis | Limited, Y | Binds to neutrophils causing them to degranulate and damages endothelium. Autoantibodies: p-ANCA myeloperoxidase. Synonyms: microscopic polyarteritis,microscopic polyarteritis nodosa, MPA | |
Polyarteritis nodosa | Limited, L, Y | Synonyms: panarteritis nodosa, periarteritis nodosa, Kussmaul disease, Kussmaul-Maier disease | |
Polymyalgia rheumatica | Limited, L, Y | ||
Urticarial vasculitis[90] | Limited, X, Y | II? | Clinically may resemble type I hypersensitivity. Autoantibodies: anti C1q antibodies. |
Vasculitis[ | Strong, I, M, F, A | III | Autoantibodies: sometimes ANCA. |
Autoimmune Comorbidities
Nama Penyakit | Level of Acceptance for Autoimmunity | Hypersensitivity
(I,II,III,IV) |
Notes/Autoantibodies/Synonyms | |
Chronic fatigue syndrome | Comorbidity, N | Symptomatic of autoimmune diseases or autoimmune activity, but not a disease or a cause of disease. | ||
Complex regional pain syndrome | Comorbidity, N | Symptomatic of autoimmune diseases or autoimmune activity, but not a disease or a cause of disease. Synonyms: Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome, Reflex Neurovascular Dystrophy, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy | ||
Eosinophilic esophagitis | Comorbidity, N | |||
Gastritis | Comorbidity, Y | Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease or a cause of disease. Autoantibodies: serum antiparietal and anti-IF antibodies. | ||
POEMS syndrome[91] | Comorbidity, Y | Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease or a cause of disease. Autoantibodies: interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and TNFα. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), given the .. | ||
Raynaud’s phenomenon | Comorbidity, S | Symptomatic of autoimmune diseases or autoimmune activity, but not a disease or a cause of disease. | ||
Primary immunodeficiency[92] | Comorbidity, N | The condition is inherited, but it is associated with several autoimmune diseases. | ||
Pyoderma gangrenosum | Comorbidity, Y | Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease or a cause of disease. |
Not Autoimmune
At this time, there is not sufficient evidence – direct, indirect, or circumstantial – to indicate that these diseases are caused by autoimmunity. These conditions are included here because:
- The disease was listed in the prior version of this table
- The disease is included in several widely used lists of autoimmune disease. It is included here to ensure that a person visiting this page does not conclude that the disease was not considered. Before moving a condition from here to the list of autoimmune diseases, references should be provided in the Wikipedia page for the condition that point to evidence of autoimmunity.
Nama Penyakit | Level of Acceptance for Autoimmunity | Hypersensitivitas
(I,II,III,IV) |
Autoantibodies/Synonyms |
Agammaglobulinemia | Not Autoimmune, Y | An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.. Autoantibodies: IGHM; IGLL1: CD79A; CD79B; BLNK; LRRC8A. | |
Amyloidosis | Not Autoimmune, N | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Also Lou Gehrig’s disease; Motor Neuron Disease). | |
Anti-tubular basement membrane nephritis | Not Autoimmune, N | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Atopic allergy | Not Autoimmune, Y | I | A hypersensitivity. |
Atopic dermatitis | Not Autoimmune, Y | I | A hypersensitivity. |
Autoimmune peripheral neuropathy | Not Autoimmune, F, A | A class of diseases, some of which may be autoimmune. See specific diseases that are listed as autoimmune.. | |
Blau syndrome | Not Autoimmune, Y | Overlaps both sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare. No evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Cancer | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Castleman’s disease | Not Autoimmune, Y | An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.. Autoantibodies: Over expression of IL-6. | |
Chagas disease[93] | Not Autoimmune, S | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[94][95] | Not Autoimmune, S | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis | Not Autoimmune, Y | LPIN2, D18S60. Synonyms: Majeed syndrome | |
Complement component 2 deficiency | Not Autoimmune, Y | Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease. | |
Congenital heart block | Not Autoimmune, N | May be related to autoimmune activity in the mother. | |
Contact dermatitis | Not Autoimmune, Y | IV | A hypersensitivity. |
Cushing’s syndrome | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: neutrophils. | |
Dego’s disease | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Eczema[96][97][98] | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: LEKTI, SPINK5, filaggrin., Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Substance P.. | |
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis | Not Autoimmune, Y | Possibly a hypersensitivity. Autoantibodies: IgE, IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF, eotaxin. | |
Eosinophilic pneumonia | Not Autoimmune, F, Y | A class of diseases, some of which may be autoimmune. Specifically, Churg-Strauss syndrome, a subtype of Eosinophilic pneumonia, is autoimmune. | |
Erythroblastosis fetalis | Not Autoimmune, Y | II | Mother’s immune system attacks fetus. An immune system disorder but not autoimmune. Autoantibodies: ABO, Rh, Kell antibodies. |
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva | Not Autoimmune, Y | Possibly an immune system disorder but not autoimmune. Autoantibodies: ACVR1 Lymphocytes express increased BMP4. | |
Gastrointestinal pemphigoid | Not Autoimmune, A | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Hypogammaglobulinemia | Not Autoimmune, Y | An immune system disorder but not autoimmune. Autoantibodies: IGHM, IGLL1, CD79A, BLNK, LRRC8A, CD79B. | |
Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis[99] | Not Autoimmune, N | No consistent evidence of autoimmune cause though the disease has been found comorbid with other autoimmune diseases. Synonyms: Giant cell myocarditis | |
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis[100][100] | Not Autoimmune, Y | Autoantibodies: SFTPA1, SFTPA2, TERT, and TERC.. Synonyms: Fibrosing alveolitis | |
IgA nephropathy | Not Autoimmune, Y | III? | Autoantibodies: IgA produced from marrow rather than MALT. Synonyms: IgA nephrits, Berger’s disease, Synpharyngitic Glomerulonephritis. An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease. |
Immunoregulatory lipoproteins[101] | Not Autoimmune, N | Not a disease. | |
IPEX syndrome | Not Autoimmune, N | A genetic mutation in FOXP3 that leads to autoimmune diseases, but no consistent evidence that it is an autoimmune disorder itself.. Synonyms: X-linked polyendocrinopathy, immunodeficiency and diarrhea-syndrome (XLAAD) | |
Ligneous conjunctivitis | Not Autoimmune, N | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Majeed syndrome | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: LPIN2. | |
Narcolepsy[102][103][104][105] | Not Autoimmune, Y | II? | No evidence of association with autoimmunity. Research not reproducible. Autoantibodies: hypocretin or orexin, HLA-DQB1*0602. |
Rasmussen’s encephalitis | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: anti-NR2A antibodies. | |
Schizophrenia[106][107][108] | Not Autoimmune, S | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Serum sickness | Not Autoimmune, Y | III | A hypersensitivity. |
Spondyloarthropathy | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: HLA-B27. | |
Sweet’s syndrome | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: GCSF. | |
Takayasu’s arteritis | Not Autoimmune, Y | No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. | |
Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy | Not Autoimmune, Y | See Enthesitis-related arthritis. |




